Who had more authority amongst the Misty Mountain Goblins between the Great Goblin and Bolg?

One way to read the account of the gathering of the goblins before the Battle of Five Armies is that Bolg was the chieftain of all the Goblins of the Northern Lands; Gandalf calls him "Bolg of the North". He was apparently resident at Gundabad, which seems to be the "capital" settlement of a regional confederacy or inter-tribal council. By contrast, the Great Goblin seems to have been the chieftain of just one, though probably the major, settlement of the goblins in the heights of the Misty Mountains proper. Another way to judge their rank is the fact that Bolg has a name and a lineage that is known to Gandalf and the dwarves, whereas the Great Goblin is unnamed.

Of course, by the reasoning above, I am making a distinction between the "Misty Mountain Goblins" and a larger "Northern Goblin confederacy". If that is a correct distinction, then the answer to your specific question may revert to the Great Goblin, since he had had immediate authority over a large number of goblins in the Misty Mountains.
 
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