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squire
Gondolin

Jan 16 2008, 4:34am
Post #1 of 20
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**A Knife in the Dark** 5. “It is like lightning that leaps up from the hill-tops.”
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The company has left the worst of the marshes behind, but is still deep in the wilderness. As Frodo lay, tired but unable to close his eyes, it seemed to him that far away there came a light in the eastern sky: it flashed and faded many times. It was not the dawn, for that was still some hours off. ‘What is the light?’ he said to Strider, who had risen, and was standing, gazing ahead into the night. ‘I do not know,’ Strider answered. ‘It is too distant to make out. It is like lightning that leaps up from the hill-tops.’ Frodo lay down again, but for a long while he could still see the white flashes, and against them the tall dark figure of Strider, standing silent and watchful. At last he passed into uneasy sleep. This is one of those sections of The Lord of the Rings that is hard to read naively after the first time. Of course, we now know (SPOILER! AVERT THY EYES!) that the flashes of light are Gandalf’s work, as he repels the attack of the Nazgul on Weathertop. A. Why can Frodo not sleep after a long day on his feet struggling through the marshes? Later on, Gandalf will set a bit of wood on fire on Caradhras, and say 'I have written "Gandalf is here" in signs that all can read from Rivendell to the mouths of Anduin.’ B. Ah… Is it because they are west of Rivendell that Strider, Aragorn, Dunadan, Estel, the greatest huntsman of the age and longtime friend of Gandalf, cannot read from the “lightning that leaps up from the hill-tops” that “Gandalf is there”? They had not gone far on the fifth day when they left the last straggling pools and reed-beds of the marshes behind them. The land before them began steadily to rise again. Away in the distance eastward they could now see a line of hills. The highest of them was at the right of the line and a little separated from the others. It had a conical top, slightly flattened at the summit. ‘That is Weathertop,’ said Strider. ‘The Old Road, which we have left far away on our right, runs to the south of it and passes not far from its foot. We might reach it by noon tomorrow, if we go straight towards it. I suppose we had better do so.’ ‘What do you mean?’ asked Frodo. ‘I mean: when we do get there, it is not certain what we shall find. It is close to the Road.’ ‘But surely we were hoping to find Gandalf there?’ ‘Yes; but the hope is faint. If he comes this way at all, he may not pass through Bree, and so he may not know what we are doing. And anyway, unless by luck we arrive almost together, we shall miss one another; it will not be safe for him or for us to wait there long. If the Riders fail to find us in the wilderness, they are likely to make for Weathertop themselves. It commands a wide view all round. Indeed, there are many birds and beasts in this country that could see us, as we stand here, from that hill-top. Not all the birds are to be trusted, and there are other spies more evil than they are.’ The hobbits looked anxiously at the distant hills. Sam looked up into the pale sky, fearing to see hawks or eagles hovering over them with bright unfriendly eyes. ‘You do make me feel uncomfortable and lonesome, Strider!’ he said. C. Yikes! But is Strider implying that most birds and beasts are to be trusted? Would a new reader expect (from the Bree chapter and the Hobbit) that at some point soon now Strider is going to be chatting up a few of his furry and feathered friends? D. How much of the preceding scene was exposition, and how much was atmosphere? Generally, how does Tolkien balance these two static elements of storytelling? E. What spies are more evil than untrustworthy birds? ‘What do you advise us to do?’ asked Frodo. ‘I think,’ answered Strider slowly, as if he was not quite sure, ‘I think the best thing is to go as straight eastward from here as we can, to make for the line of hills, not for Weathertop. There we can strike a path I know that runs at their feet; it will bring us to Weathertop from the north and less openly. Then we shall see what we shall see.’ What Strider says makes sense to me: since we are possibly being watched, let’s take a hidden path. F. Is our expert guide seriously considering other options, to explain his hesitance in coming up with this one? All that day they plodded along, until the cold and early evening came down. The land became drier and more barren; but mists and vapours lay behind them on the marshes. A few melancholy birds were piping and wailing, until the round red sun sank slowly into the western shadows; then an empty silence fell. The hobbits thought of the soft light of sunset glancing through the cheerful windows of Bag End far away. At the day’s end they came to a stream that wandered down from the hills to lose itself in the stagnant marshland, and they went up along its banks while the light lasted. It was already night when at last they halted and made their camp under some stunted alder-trees by the shores of the stream. Ahead there loomed now against the dusky sky the bleak and treeless backs of the hills. That night they set a watch, and Strider, it seemed, did not sleep at all. The moon was waxing, and in the early night-hours a cold grey light lay on the land. G. How does this passage compare with the Old Forest scenes? With later Fellowship travel scenes? Next morning they set out again soon after sunrise. There was a frost in the air, and the sky was a pale clear blue. The hobbits felt refreshed, as if they had had a night of unbroken sleep. Already they were getting used to much walking on short commons - shorter at any rate than what in the Shire they would have thought barely enough to keep them on their legs. Pippin declared that Frodo was looking twice the hobbit that he had been. ‘Very odd,’ said Frodo, tightening his belt, ‘considering that there is actually a good deal less of me. I hope the thinning process will not go on indefinitely, or I shall become a wraith.’ ‘Do not speak of such things!’ said Strider quickly, and with surprising earnestness. H. Why would Frodo use the word “wraith”? Why is Strider’s “earnestness” surprising?
squire online: RR Discussions: The Valaquenta, A Shortcut to Mushrooms, and Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit Lights! Action! Discuss on the Movie board!: 'A Journey in the Dark'. and 'Designing The Two Towers'. Footeramas: The 3rd TORn Reading Room LotR Discussion; and "Tolkien would have LOVED it!" squiretalk introduces the J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: A Reader's Diary
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visualweasel
Nargothrond

Jan 16 2008, 3:33pm
Post #2 of 20
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H. Why would Frodo use the word “wraith”? Why is Strider’s “earnestness” surprising? I take him to mean "wraith" in its more generalized sense: a ghost or apparition lacking in physical substance — which he might resemble after missing too many meals. It's a poor joke in the best of times, but downright inappropriate here, eh? The compound "Ringwraiths" first appears in "Shadow of the Past", but buried in a lot of information Gandalf drops on the poor Hobbit. Frodo's use here is only the second appearance of the word, and the first that isn't conflated directly with the Ring. And the Hobbits have been calling them Black Riders consistently since leaving the Shire. Perhaps that allows us to take it in the more generalized sense I mentioned. However, that being said, his choice of words has always surprised me, especially after the harrowing discovery in their bedchamber at the Pony. Aragorn's earnestness, of course, is born of long experience. It only surprises Frodo (and first-time readers). It's meant to jolt the Hobbits out of the last vestiges of their bonne aventure reverie.
Jason Fisher Lingwë - Musings of a Fish
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Curious
Gondolin

Jan 16 2008, 3:45pm
Post #3 of 20
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A. Why can Frodo not sleep after a long day on his feet struggling through the marshes? As we say about our daughter sometimes, he's overtired. Of course he's also tense for other reasons, such as Black Riders out to get him! B. Ah… Is it because they are west of Rivendell that Strider, Aragorn, Dunadan, Estel, the greatest huntsman of the age and longtime friend of Gandalf, cannot read from the “lightning that leaps up from the hill-tops” that “Gandalf is there”? Judging by his explanation of why he is making for Weathertop, Strider may hope that it is Gandalf, but he may also suspect that Gandalf is under attack. On the other hand, unless I am much mistaken, lightning does at times seem to leap from the hill-tops. So it could just be lightning. Strider is honest, I believe, when he tells Frodo he does not know what the light is, but he may not tell Frodo everything he suspects. Actually, the more I think about it, the more I believe that Strider chose to visit Weathertop in no small part because he saw the "lightning." C. Yikes! But is Strider implying that most birds and beasts are to be trusted? Would a new reader expect (from the Bree chapter and the Hobbit) that at some point soon now Strider is going to be chatting up a few of his furry and feathered friends? I don't know what a new reader would suspect. But Tolkien is more subtle in LotR. Aragorn does pay close attention to the behavior of animals throughout the book, and reads their behavior better than most. I'm thinking of the walk through Hollin and the ride down the Anduin, in particular. D. How much of the preceding scene was exposition, and how much was atmosphere? Generally, how does Tolkien balance these two static elements of storytelling? When the hobbits have a guide, the guide naturally must explain a few things to the hobbits, and that is how the readers learn as well. This passage provides some important information. The narrator describes Weathertop. Strider explains why he is reluctantly heading towards it (a faint hope of meeting Gandalf, and perhaps a means of getting the lay of the land), but also explains why it is dangerous to do so (it is close the the Road, the Riders will likely head there as well). I think Tolkien does an excellent job of weaving such exposition into his narrative, and also of creating suspense and atmosphere. E. What spies are more evil than untrustworthy birds? I wondered about that. I can't think of anything with the keen eyesight of the birds. Could Strider be talking about Wargs? Trolls? Wraiths? Evil trees like Old Man Willow? Fell beasts? Giant Spiders? Or the Nazgul themselves and their horses? This seems like a throwaway line used to strike unnamed fear into the hearts of the reader. I'm not convinced Tolkien had anything particular in mind. F. Is our expert guide seriously considering other options, to explain his hesitance in coming up with this one? Yes, it seems to me he is seriously considering skipping Weathertop altogether, and I think an unmentioned reason for approaching Weathertop is that lightning storm he witnessed. So he decides to approach Weathertop from an unexpected direction with lots of cover, and see what he can see. G. How does this passage compare with the Old Forest scenes? With later Fellowship travel scenes? The Old Forest was silent from the start, and full of menace, and there was no question of making camp. This is more like later travel with the Fellowship, with watches set and camp made. Note that Strider seems to be able to go for days with little or no sleep. He will exhibit this ability at other times as well, as will Gandalf. H. Why would Frodo use the word “wraith”? Why is Strider’s “earnestness” surprising? This is foreshadowing on Tolkien's part. Strider's tone is surprising because the hobbits do not realize the Nazgul are wraiths, nor do they realize the effect of a Morgul-blade. Is this ominous foresight on Frodo's part, or just an unfortunate choice of words? We don't know. But later we may understand why Strider reacted as he did.
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elostirion74
Nargothrond
Jan 16 2008, 7:22pm
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From where did Tolkien come up with this landscape?
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This is one of those sections of The Lord of the Rings that is hard to read naively after the first time. Of course, we now know (SPOILER! AVERT THY EYES!) that the flashes of light are Gandalf’s work, as he repels the attack of the Nazgul on Weathertop. Well, yes, but I’m not so concerned with thinking about this as a hint or a foreshadowing on later readings. I just happen to enjoy the image which is conjured and the mood of the scene when Aragorn & Frodo are watching the lights. It’s intriguing to try to imagine what it would look like from a distance. This passage is just great in itself IMO. A. Why can Frodo not sleep after a long day on his feet struggling through the marshes? He might be waking up early out of fear of the Black Riders, but it could also be due to Frodo sensing in his sleep that Gandalf is in danger. We are constantly reminded of a strong connection between Gandalf & Frodo on these journeys. B. Ah… Is it because they are west of Rivendell that Strider, Aragorn, Dunadan, Estel, the greatest huntsman of the age and longtime friend of Gandalf, cannot read from the “lightning that leaps up from the hill-tops” that “Gandalf is there”? Well, Aragorn could be thinking that it was Gandalf, but not making further conclusions before he has had time to go and check more closely. Anyway I guess Tolkien didn’t want to spoil the story for the first time reader by giving it all away at once. D. How much of the preceding scene was exposition, and how much was atmosphere? Generally, how does Tolkien balance these two static elements of storytelling? Tough question. Here we’ve got quite a bit of exposition, but still the conversation contributes quite a lot to the atmosphere I find. Tolkien has a good mix of atmosphere and exposition I guess, but it’s striking how Tolkien generally spends a considerable amount of time describing the exact details of the landscape. Isn’t that a form of exposition? What surprises me about the landscapes we are walking into is how they seem more bleak than a landscape at this altitude ought to feel. The descriptions remind me slightly of hilly terrain from my own country, which is much further north than England. The hills in that area I would also expect to be higher than the Weather Hills. Where has Tolkien taken this landscape from? G. How does this passage compare with the Old Forest scenes? With later Fellowship travel scenes? This is a more barren, open and sad landscape, whereas the Old Forest was closed and threatening. Tolkien seems more aware of the attributes of light. Also we’ve got the ever-present melancholy birds. This scenery reminds me not so much of the Old Forest as of Wilderland in The Hobbit, or perhaps walking west of the mountains on setting out from Rivendell in Book II. H. Why would Frodo use the word “wraith”? Why is Strider’s “earnestness” surprising? Well, it could be deliberate foreshadowing, but I also think Frodo knows how to vary his language. Great questions!
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elostirion74
Nargothrond
Jan 16 2008, 7:28pm
Post #5 of 20
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H. Strider's eartnestness Strider is interrupting light-hearted and innocent hobbit-talk. From the hobbits’ point of view such earnestness is surprising when they’re only joking like they're used to. As an aside, don't you guys like Tolkien's romantic description of a cold and clear autumn morning?
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Curious
Gondolin

Jan 16 2008, 7:59pm
Post #6 of 20
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E. What spies are more evil than untrustworthy birds?
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I've been mulling this over, and although I don't have any specific suggestions, I will say that Tolkien continually hints that there are Unseen Powers in Middle-earth, both good and evil, and this might be what he hints at here. Caradhras might be an example of an evil Unseen Power, and the Bruinen might be an example of a good Unseen Power. Several rivers are implicitly good, which is why the Nazgul have trouble crossing them and the orcs are reluctant to cross the Anduin. The blocked pool outside the west gate to Moria and the poisoned streams of Morgul Vale are implicitly evil. Weathertop itself seems to have an aura of good associated with it, which may be why Strider chooses to make a stand there instead of fleeing. There are other hallowed places in Middle-earth as well, such as the Hill of Seeing or Mindolluin, the mountain behind Minas Tirith. And of course Mount Doom seems to be evil. In addition to spirits associated with rivers or hills or mountains there are also spirits like the Barrow-wight or the Shadow Host. There are also the Silent Watchers of Cirith Ungol, and there are implications that similar Silent Watchers would be found in Morgul Vale. We know that the Morgul Blade turns people into wraiths, and that Sauron himself is called the Necromancer. So Sauron and the Witch-king seem to have power over unseen evil spirits. So it is possible that this throw-away line about other evil spies is part of a general pattern of hints that Unseen Powers are part of the War of the Ring, with the Unseen Powers being either Maia or the spirits associated with now-dead people or some miscellaneous category of spirits.
(This post was edited by Curious on Jan 16 2008, 7:59pm)
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visualweasel
Nargothrond

Jan 16 2008, 10:39pm
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E. What spies ... Occam's razor
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Curious, your argument is sensible, but I always read Aragorn's caution much more straightforwardly myself, without relying on Unseen Powers (not to say Tolkien doesn't indeed hint that they exist). I always took this line just to refer to spies like the Southerner, Bill Ferny, and of course, the Black Riders. (Aragorn speaking) They [the Black Riders] will know all the news now, for they have visited Bill Ferny; and probably that Southerner was a spy as well. And: (Aragorn speaking) Bill Ferny will have watched where we left the Road, for certain [..] though I don't think he will follow us himself. He knows the land round here well enough, but he knows he is not a match for me in a wood. It is what he may tell others that I am afraid of. Jason Fisher Lingwë - Musings of a Fish
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Beren IV
Mithlond

Jan 17 2008, 1:53am
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LotR was made on a very low budget - Tolkien kept the magic off-camera to save on costs! This is one of many instances in which a magical battle is fought with the magical forces involved being clearly and unequivocally magical, as distinguished from most of the rest of the magic of Arda, i.e. yeah, it's magic, but the skeptic could say that it's just natural coincidence. I think that the reason why Tolkien did this was not to make economical feasability of future motion picture productions of his books, but rather to keep us, the reader, imagining, what it might look like, instead of outwardly telling us. It helps preserve the mystery of magic in his world, something I feel is lacking in a lot of more recent fantasy worlds.
Once a paleontologist, now a botanist, will be a paleobotanist
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sador
Gondolin
Jan 17 2008, 10:16am
Post #10 of 20
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Was the Withywindle an evil river? It seems to be. But what about its daughter? In The Adventures of Tom Bombadil she seems to be evil as well to begin with, doesn't she?
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Curious
Gondolin

Jan 17 2008, 11:12am
Post #11 of 20
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I don't think the Withywindle is evil.
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It can be dangerous, but so can any river. That doesn't necessarily mean it is evil, and in Tolkien's world most water spirits are not evil. Similarly, the ocean is dangerous, but not evil. In the poem Goldberry was a water nymph who dunked Bombadil. Was she seriously attempting to drown him? I doubt it. Could she have been dangerous to an ordinary mortal? Very possibly. Was she evil? I think not, or else Bombadil would not have married her.
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a.s.
Doriath

Jan 17 2008, 11:48am
Post #12 of 20
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the evil Flying Squirrels of Mordor
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E. What spies are more evil than untrustworthy birds?
Just lookit those beady eyes!
A. Why can Frodo not sleep after a long day on his feet struggling through the marshes? Well, he's no Strider, but a pretty smart hobbit would realize that lightening doesn't go up from a hill in isolation (no storm, etc) and is a most unusual occurrence at any time. Rather scary to see Strider paying so much attention to said lightening, as well. B. Ah… Is it because they are west of Rivendell that Strider, Aragorn, Dunadan, Estel, the greatest huntsman of the age and longtime friend of Gandalf, cannot read from the “lightning that leaps up from the hill-tops” that “Gandalf is there”? It could be that Stider doesn't recognize Gandalf's signature. OTOH, it could be he does, and wonders if that up-going lightening is, after all, Gandalf and what Gandalf could be trying to say or whether Gandalf may be in big trouble--such big trouble, in fact, that he is sending up his signature for all to see for many miles around. Strider might recognize this, and not reveal it to the hobbits. H. Why would Frodo use the word “wraith”? Why is Strider’s “earnestness” surprising?
I agree with others that this is foreshadowing here. But it also serves to tell the reader that Strider really objects to the word "wraith". He's not just "warding off the evil eye" by trying to avoid a taboo word; he's really honestly objecting to that specific word used in the context of the specific sentence of Frodo's: "I might become a wraith". We don't yet know why Strider objects to Frodo saying that, but it is supposed to be noticed by us that he really earnestly objects. a.s.
"an seileachan" "And we must all bring Provisions." "Bring what ?" "Things to eat." "Oh!" said Pooh happily. "I thought you said Provisions. I'll go and tell them." And he stumped off.
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Curious
Gondolin

Jan 17 2008, 1:51pm
Post #13 of 20
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Rats with bushy tails and "wings"!
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Urambo Tauro
Ossiriand

Jan 20 2008, 4:10am
Post #14 of 20
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‘What is the light?’ he said to Strider, who had risen, and was standing, gazing ahead into the night. ‘I do not know,’ Strider answered. ‘It is too distant to make out. It is like lightning that leaps up from the hill-tops.’ This is one of those sections of The Lord of the Rings that is hard to read naively after the first time. Of course, we now know (SPOILER! AVERT THY EYES!) that the flashes of light are Gandalf’s work, as he repels the attack of the Nazgul on Weathertop. Later on, Gandalf will set a bit of wood on fire on Caradhras, and say 'I have written "Gandalf is here" in signs that all can read from Rivendell to the mouths of Anduin.’ Is it because they are west of Rivendell that Strider, Aragorn, Dunadan, Estel, the greatest huntsman of the age and longtime friend of Gandalf, cannot read from the “lightning that leaps up from the hill-tops” that “Gandalf is there”? Is the lightning from Gandalf or the Witch-king? "Lightning that leaps up from the hill-tops" is Strider's description of what Gandalf later refers to only as "light and flame" comparable to war-beacons. A similar spectacle occurs five months later.... As Gollum begins to lead the hobbits up The Stairs of Cirith Ungol, Mount Doom erupts, and.... And Minas Morgul answered. There was a flare of vivid lightnings: forks of blue flame springing up from the tower and from the encircling hills into the sullen clouds. There's not much to go on here, but I'm thinking this "lightning" is caused by the Witch-king. Both instances mention multiple strikes, all upward from high points (hill-tops, tower). Of course, this isn't anything contrary to nature; but I believe Tolkien means for us to think of this lightning as a spell of some kind. Lightning is sometimes mentioned in reference to Gandalf's power, but never in an upward fashion. (And Gandalf is not present at Minas Morgul....) Another instance of upward lightning happens just moments prior to The Ride of the Rohirrim. Merry senses a change in the wind, and.... ....at that same moment there was a flash, as if lightning had sprung from the earth beneath the City. For a searing second it stood dazzling far off in black and white, its topmost tower like a glittering needle; and then as the darkness closed again there came rolling over the fields a great boom. Near as I can tell, this is the moment during The Siege of Gondor, when Grond mightily chrashes through the Gate of Gondor, its final blow accompanied by: you guessed it, lightning! Maybe the Black Captain had something to do with this? At any rate, the Witch-king is present at every instance of upward lightning. I like to think it's his specialty, maybe even something he found useful in Angmar. Gandalf, on the other hand, (although not a stranger to lightning) has fire as his specialty, even more so since he weilds Narya. To see these two great spell-casters having at it on Weathertop must have been a sight indeed....
(This post was edited by Urambo Tauro on Jan 20 2008, 4:11am)
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barahliofrohan
Ossiriand

Jan 22 2008, 7:20pm
Post #15 of 20
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Awwww, Flying squirrels are NOT evil. They are pretty cute really. I used to have them as pets. They were tame and trainable and very lovely.
Barahli of Rohan Westu Eomer hal!
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N.E. Brigand
Gondolin

Jan 27 2008, 3:37am
Post #16 of 20
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Sorry, couldn’t wresist. Remembering that you had written at some length about “wraith” and related words, I've made a list of “wr-th” appearances in LotR. A Long-expected Party Most of the guests went on eating and drinking and discussing Bilbo Baggins’ oddities, past and present; but the Sackville-Bagginses had already departed in wrath. The Shadow of the Past ‘Long ago they fell under the dominion of the One, and they became Ringwraiths, shadows under his great Shadow, his most terrible servants.’ A Conspiracy Unmasked A fact which partly explains young Frodo’s long expeditions to the renowned fields of the Marish, and the wrath of the injured Maggot. The Old Forest They picked a way among the trees, and their ponies plodded along, carefully avoiding the many writhing and interlacing roots. A Knife in the Dark ‘I hope the thinning process will not go on indefinitely, or I shall become a wraith.’ Many Meetings ‘Indeed I spoke of them once to you; for the Black Riders are the Ringwraiths, the Nine Servants of the Lord of the Rings.’ ‘You would have became a wraith under the dominion of the Dark Lord; and he would have tormented you for trying to keep his Ring, if any greater torment were possible than being robbed of it and seeing it on his hand.’ ‘You were in gravest peril while you wore the Ring, for then you were half in the wraith-world yourself, and they might have seized you.’ ‘Not all his servants and chattels are wraiths!’ ‘They do not fear the Ringwraiths, for those who have dwelt in the Blessed Realm live at once in both worlds, and against both the Seen and the Unseen they have great power.’ ‘When the Ringwraiths swept by, your friends ran up behind.’ ‘Caught between fire and water, and seeing an Elf-lord revealed in his wrath, they were dismayed, and their horses were stricken with madness.’ ‘But the Ringwraiths themselves cannot be so easily destroyed.’ ‘As soon as the captain of the Ringwraiths rode into the water the flood was released.’ ‘For a moment I was afraid that we had let loose too fierce a wrath, and the flood would get out of hand and wash you all away.’ The winds of wrath came driving him, / and blindly in the foam he fled / from west to east and errandless, / unheralded he homeward sped. The Council of Elrond ‘The Captain then sent some eastward straight across country, and he himself with the rest rode along the Road in great wrath.’ The Ring Goes South ‘You cannot destroy Ringwraiths like that,’ said Gandalf. ‘It is rash to be too sure, yet I think that we may hope now that the Ringwraiths were scattered, and have been obliged to return as best they could to their Master in Mordor, empty and shapeless.’ ‘I do not doubt that news of the discomfiture of the Riders has already reached him, and he will be filled with wrath.’ ‘She is walking in the blue fields of the South, and a little wreath of snow on this Redhorn hillock troubles her not at all.’ A Journey in the Dark ‘The Ringwraiths are deadly enemies, but they are only shadows yet of the power and terror they would possess if the Ruling Ring was on their master’s hand again.’ Again Gandalf approached the wall, and lifting up his arms he spoke in tones of command and rising wrath. Sam and Frodo were only a few steps up, and Gandalf had just begun to climb, when the groping tentacles writhed across the narrow shore and fingered the cliff-wall and the doors. The Bridge of Khazad-dûm Suddenly, and to his own surprise, Frodo felt a hot wrath blaze up in his heart. The flames roared up to greet it, and wreathed about it; and a black smoke swirled in the air. Aragorn smote to the ground the captain that stood in his path, and the rest fled in terror of his wrath. The Great River Behind them stood low crumbling cliffs, and chimneys of grey weathered stone dark with ivy; and beyond these again there rose high ridges crowned with wind-writhen firs. The Breaking of the Fellowship For a moment, perfectly balanced between their piercing points, he writhed, tormented. The Riders of Rohan ‘Speak not the name of Gandalf loudly in Théoden’s ears! He is wroth.’ ‘They were many,’ said Aragorn, ‘and they do not heed the wrath of Fangorn, for they come here seldom, and they do not go under the trees.’ The White Rider ‘But they have not yet been allowed to cross the River, and Saruman does not know of this new shape in which the Ringwraiths have been clad.’ ‘But now his long slow wrath is brimming over, and all the forest is filled with it.’ The King of the Golden Hall ‘I will forget my wrath for a while, Éomer son of Éomund,’ said Gimli; ‘but if ever you chance to see the Lady Galadriel with your eyes, then you shall acknowledge her the fairest of ladies, or our friendship will end.’ The Road to Isengard ‘I feel a great wrath about me. Do you not feel the air throb in your ears?’ If the Great Sea had risen in wrath and fallen on the hills with storm, it could have worked no greater ruin. Flotsam and Jetsam ‘Time wears on, and the mists are blowing away, or would if you strange folk did not wreathe yourselves in smoke.’ The Voice of Saruman But Saruman for a while was beside himself with wrath. ‘When his eye turns hither, it will be the red eye of wrath.’ The Palantír They lit a fire in a hollow, down among the roots of a spreading hawthorn, tall as a tree, writhen with age; but hale in every limb. ‘It may be that the counsels of the Enemy will be confused, or hindered by his wrath with Saruman.’ The Taming of Sméagol He writhed, and tried to get his mouth to his ankle and bite the rope. The Passage of the Marshes And then it was gone, flying back to Mordor with the speed of the wrath of Sauron; and behind it the wind roared away, leaving the Dead Marshes bare and bleak. ‘Wraiths!’ he wailed. ‘Wraiths on wings!’ ‘The Wraiths are searching. Must take it.’ ‘Perhaps we grows very strong, stronger than Wraiths.’ Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit On the great beast thundered, blundering in blind wrath through pool and thicket. The Window on the West There was some murmuring, but also some grins on the faces of the men looking on: the sight of their Captain sitting on the ground and eye to eye with a young hobbit, legs well apart, bristling with wrath, was one beyond their experience. Journey to the Cross-roads Frodo shuddered as he looked again at the distant pinnacles now dwindling into night, and the sound of the water seemed cold and cruel: the voice of Morgulduin, the polluted stream that flowed from the Valley of the Wraiths. The Stairs of Cirith Ungol Now, feeling the way become steep before his feet, he looked wearily up; and then he saw it, even as Gollum had said that he would: the city of the Ringwraiths. Maybe it was the Ring that called to the Wraith-lord, and for a moment he was troubled, sensing some other power within his valley. At that moment the Wraith-king turned and spurred his horse and rode across the bridge, and all his dark host followed him. Down in its depths glimmered like a glow-worm thread the wraith-road from the dead city to the Nameless Pass. Shelob’s Lair The blue-gleaming blade shore through them like a scythe through grass, and they leaped and writhed and then hung loose. So they both lived, delighting in their own devices, and feared no assault, nor wrath, nor any end of their wickedness. The Choices of Master Samwise Heaving up again, wrenching away from the pain, she bent her writhing limbs beneath her and sprang backwards in a convulsive leap. Minas Tirith Pippin never forgot that hour in the great hall under the piercing eye of the Lord of Gondor, stabbed ever and anon by his shrewd questions, and all the while conscious of Gandalf at his side, watching and listening, and (so Pippin felt) holding in check a rising wrath and impatience. ‘Let your wrath at an old man’s folly run off and then return to my comfort!’ ‘So ends a fair day in wrath!’ he said, forgetful of the lad at his side. The Passing of the Grey Company And they fled before the wrath of Isildur, and did not dare to go forth to war on Sauron’s part; and they hid themselves in secret places in the mountains and had no dealings with other men, but slowly dwindled in the barren hills. His knees shook, and he was wroth with himself. The Muster of Rohan It was a skyless world, in which his eye; through dim gulfs of shadowy air, saw only ever-mounting slopes, great walls of stone behind great walls, and frowning precipices wreathed with mist. The Siege of Gondor ‘Nay, stay your wrath! I do not trust myself in this, and I refused this thing, even as a freely given gift.’ ‘King of Angmar long ago, Sorcerer, Ringwraith, Lord of the Nazgûl, a spear of terror in the hand of Sauron, shadow of despair.’ Pippin trembled, fearing that Gandalf would be stung to sudden wrath, but his fear was needless. Grief maybe had wrought it, and remorse. He saw tears on that once tearless face, more unbearable than wrath. The Ride of the Rohirrim But the thickets offered to the Riders their last hope of cover before they went into open battle; for beyond them lay the road and the plains of Anduin, while east and southwards the slopes were bare and rocky, as the writhen hills gathered themselves together and climbed up, bastion upon bastion, into the great mass and shoulders of Mindolluin. For morning came, morning and a wind from the sea; and the darkness was removed, and the hosts of Mordor wailed, and terror took them, and they fled, and died, and the hoofs of wrath rode over them. The Battle of the Pelennor Fields He was still in command, wielding great powers. King, Ringwraith, Lord of the Nazgûl, he had many weapons. Then he was filled with a red wrath and shouted aloud, and displaying his standard, black serpent upon scarlet, he came against the white horse and the green with great press of men; and the drawing of the scimitars of the Southrons was like a glitter of stars. The winged creature screamed at her, but the Ringwraith made no answer, and was silent, as if in sudden doubt. And behold! there lay his weapon, but the blade was smoking like a dry branch that has been thrust in a fire; and as he watched it, it writhed and withered and was consumed. The great wrath of his onset had utterly overthrown the front of his enemies, and great wedges of his Riders had passed clear through the ranks of the Southrons, discomfiting their horsemen and riding their footmen to ruin. To hope’s end I rode and to heart’s breaking: / Now for wrath, now for ruin and a red nightfall! Few ever came eastward to Morgul or Mordor; and to the land of the Haradrim came only a tale from far off: a rumour of the wrath and terror of Gondor. These three were unscathed, for such was their fortune and the skill and might of their arms, and few indeed had dared to abide them or look on their faces in the hour of their wrath. The Pyre of Denethor Then Denethor leaped upon the table, and standing there wreathed in fire and smoke he took up the staff of his stewardship that lay at his feet and broke it on his knee. The Last Debate ‘Strange and wonderful I thought it that the designs of Mordor should be overthrown by such wraiths of fear and darkness.’ The Black Gate Opens They still flew high and out of sight of all save Legolas, and yet their presence could be felt, as a deepening of shadow and a dimming of the sun; and though the Ringwraiths did not yet stoop low upon their foes and were silent, uttering no cry, the dread of them could not be shaken off. Aragorn looked at them, and there was pity in his eyes rather than wrath; for these were young men from Rohan, from Westfold far away, or husbandmen from Lossarnach, and to them Mordor had been from childhood a name of evil, and yet unreal, a legend that had no part in their simple life; and now they walked like men in a hideous dream made true, and they understood not this war nor why fate should lead them to such a pass. The rider was robed all in black, and black was his lofty helm; yet this was no Ringwraith but a living man. But he looked at the fell faces of the Captains and their deadly eyes, and fear overcame his wrath. The Tower of Cirith Ungol He wondered if they were some signal. His fear of the orcs, forgotten for a while in his wrath and desperation, now returned. But as with Narchost and Carchost, the Towers of the Teeth, so here too the vigilance had failed, and treachery had yielded up the Tower to the Lord of the Ringwraiths, and now for long years it had been held by evil things. The Land of Shadow The Lord of the Ringwraiths had met his doom. In the glens of the Morgai on the other side of the valley low scrubby trees lurked and clung, coarse grey grass-tussocks fought with the stones, and withered mosses crawled on them; and everywhere great writhing, tangled brambles sprawled. Mount Doom Sam’s hand wavered. His mind was hot with wrath and the memory of evil. Then his wrath blazed in consuming flame, but his fear rose like a vast black smoke to choke him. At his summons, wheeling with a rending cry, in a last desperate race there flew, faster than the winds, the Nazgûl, the Ringwraiths, and with a storm of wings they hurtled southwards to Mount Doom. The Scouring of the Shire With a sheepish glance at his leader, who looked wrathful but did not dare to interfere, Shirriff Smallburrow fell back and walked beside Sam, who got down off his pony. Frodo had been in the battle, but he had not drawn sword, and his chief part had been to prevent the hobbits in their wrath at their losses, from slaying those of their enemies who threw down their weapons. Appendix A.I.iii The lord of that land was known as the Witch-king, but it was not known until later that he was indeed the chief of the Ringwraiths, who came north with the purpose of destroying the Dúnedain in Arnor, seeing hope in their disunion, while Gondor was strong. Appendix A.I.iv At this time it is thought that the Ringwraiths re-entered Mordor. It was thus in the reign of King Eärnil, as later became clear, that the Witch-king escaping from the North came to Mordor, and there gathered the other Ringwraiths, of whom he was the chief. For that time Mardil the Steward restrained the wrath of the king. At first they had quiet, for those were the days of the Watchful Peace, during which Sauron withdrew before the power of the White Council and the Ringwraiths remained hidden in Morgul Vale. Appendix A.II Yet men said that the horn was still heard at times in the Deep and the wraith of Helm would walk among the foes of Rohan and kill men with fear. Appendix A.III Durin’s Folk gathered all their host, and they were joined by great forces sent from the Houses of other Fathers; for this dishonour to the heir of the Eldest of their race filled them with wrath. Yet hardy and full of wrath as he was, it is said that when he came down from the Gate he looked grey in the face, as one who has felt great fear. The only power over them that the Rings wielded was to inflame their hearts with a greed of gold and precious things, so that if they lacked them all other good things seemed profitless, and they were filled with wrath and desire for vengeance on all who deprived them. Appendix B (S.A. 2251) About this time the Nazgûl or Ringwraiths, slaves of the Nine Rings, first appear. (S.A. 3441) Sauron passes away and the Ringwraiths go into the shadows.
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> We're discussing The Lord of the Rings in the Reading Room, Oct. 15, 2007 - Mar. 22, 2009! Join us Jan. 21-27 for "Flight to the Ford".
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N.E. Brigand
Gondolin

Jan 27 2008, 4:04am
Post #17 of 20
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Clever idea, that Strider wants to investigate the lightning. //
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<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> We're discussing The Lord of the Rings in the Reading Room, Oct. 15, 2007 - Mar. 22, 2009! Join us Jan. 21-27 for "Flight to the Ford".
(This post was edited by N.E. Brigand on Jan 27 2008, 4:06am)
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N.E. Brigand
Gondolin

Jan 27 2008, 4:06am
Post #18 of 20
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Nice thought about Frodo and Gandalf. //
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<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> We're discussing The Lord of the Rings in the Reading Room, Oct. 15, 2007 - Mar. 22, 2009! Join us Jan. 21-27 for "Flight to the Ford".
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N.E. Brigand
Gondolin

Jan 28 2008, 2:12am
Post #19 of 20
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“Eagles are not kindly birds.”
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A. Why can Frodo not sleep after a long day on his feet struggling through the marshes? Well, because in the sentence just before the once you start with, Tolkien wrote that “The next … night [was] almost as comfortless…. the midges still pursued them.” The surprise is that the other hobbits aren’t also awake. (Are they?) B. Is it because they are west of Rivendell that Strider… cannot read … that “Gandalf is there”? Cute. But between the reading that you presented in your eighth thread on this chapter (which Urambo Tauro seems independently to have reached below) and Curious’ fine idea, I think this question has been answered. This: “it seemed to him that far away there came a light in the eastern sky: it flashed and faded many times” reminds me a little of this: “I thought the eastern sky grew dark and there was a growing thunder, but in the West a pale light lingered”. C. Would a new reader expect (from the Bree chapter and The Hobbit) that at some point soon now Strider is going to be chatting up a few of his furry and feathered friends? Hobbit readers may be confused that Sam fears to see eagles. E. What spies are more evil than untrustworthy birds? Spies that can do more than spy? F. Is our expert guide seriously considering other options, to explain his hesitance in coming up with this one? Like Curious, I thought Strider was trying to decide whether to approach Weathertop at all. G. How does this passage compare with the Old Forest scenes? With later Fellowship travel scenes? Good catch! There is much alike between this passage:
All that day they plodded along, until the cold and early evening came down. The land became drier and more barren; but mists and vapours lay behind them on the marshes. A few melancholy birds were piping and wailing, until the round red sun sank slowly into the western shadows; then an empty silence fell. The hobbits thought of the soft light of sunset glancing through the cheerful windows of Bag End far away. and this one near the end of “The Old Forest”:
After that the hobbits heard no more. Almost at once the sun seemed to sink into the trees behind them. They thought of the slanting light of evening glittering on the Brandywine River, and the windows of Bucklebury beginning to gleam with hundreds of lights. Great shadows fell across them; trunks and branches of trees hung dark and threatening over the path. White mists began to rise and curl on the surface of the river and stray about the roots of the trees upon its borders. Out of the very ground at their feet a shadowy steam arose and mingled with the swiftly falling dusk. And the next paragraph you quote even includes alders! But this section is less ominous and more bleak. They are in a barren wilderness but with a sure guide, rather than in a hostile forest but with hope of shelter before them. Later there will be the big sunset before Sauron’s darkness sweeps over Gondor and Rohan. H. Why would Frodo use the word “wraith”? Why is Strider’s “earnestness” surprising? This does feel heavy in retrospect, but not, I’d guess, on first reading. Why do the hobbits feel refreshed that morning?
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> We're discussing The Lord of the Rings in the Reading Room, Oct. 15, 2007 - Mar. 22, 2009! Join us Jan. 21-27 for "Flight to the Ford".
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visualweasel
Nargothrond

Jan 28 2008, 3:20pm
Post #20 of 20
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As usual! Thanks for the interesting survey of Tolkien's many uses of wr*th words. It will take some time to digest them all, but it could be helpful. Just the preponderant number of occurrences alone may say something about the primacy of this root (or set of roots) in Tolkien's mind. I'll probably find myself coming back to this list in the future (as you may remember, I proposed a paper on this subject for this year's Mythcon).
Jason Fisher Lingwë - Musings of a Fish
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